Annotated Bibliography
A Picnic on the Great Pyramid. 1874. Mary Evans Picture Library. The British in Egypt. Mansfield, Peter. New York, NY: Holt,
Rinehart, and Winston, 1971. Picture. Primary Source. [1]
This picture shows a group of British people having a picnic on the Great Pyramid of Egypt while flying a British flag. This happened eight years before the British actually took over Egypt, which shows they had every intention of claiming Egypt as a colony. This primary source adds value to my visual since it shows how the British expected to take control of Egypt and believed Egypt would put up little resistance.
Barton, Lara J. “Why did the British Empire expand so rapidly between 1870 and 1900?”
The Victorian Web. 5 April 2002. Web. 29 September 2011. <http:// www.victorianweb.org/history/empire/ljb2.html> Website. [2]
This website article gave me more information about the reasons behind British expansion. As the Industrial Revolution began, British investors wanted to take advantage of their technological superiority by invading other territories. The invasion of these regions became much easier with inventions such as the Gatling Gun, steamship, and railways. This brought more capital back to Britain, which hopefully went to increasing wages for workers.
Bassett, Thomas J. "Cartography and Empire Building in Nineteenth-Century West Africa." Geographical Review, 84.3 (1994): 316. Print source. [3]
This article shows multiple maps of Africa at the time of colonialism. This source also discusses the rivalry Britain had with Germany and France by talking about how each country made maps of Africa and they all claimed the same territories. It was interesting to read about the ways they divided up the land. This could be beneficial in my research project because I can use a map in my visual and I can use some examples that Bassett used as well.
Cooney, Stephen. "Political Demand Channels in the Processes of American and British Imperial Expansion, 1870-1913." World Politics, 27.2 (1975): 227-255. Print source. [4]
This journal was very informative about the political side of imperialism and the thought process behind it. It discussed how political decisions were made and who had authority to make them. This may not necessarily be the most helpful journal with examples, but it is beneficial because it shows the political side of colonialism. This has not been discussed in many of the other readings I have found.
Crowder, Michael. West Africa Under Colonial Rule. Evanston [Ill.] Northwestern University Press, 1968. Book. [5]
This book discusses all of Europe’s involvement in West Africa and where they ruled. It gives a lot of information regarding how they took over specific colonies and how they assimilated with the people of those colonies. At the beginning of the book it gives a little insight into the Berlin Conference and other events that caused European colonialism. I used this book's Table of Contents in my visual and discussed a few chapters that are shown.
Dubow, Saul. "How British Was the British World? The Case of South Africa." Journal of Imperial & Commonwealth History, 37.1 (2009): 1-27. Print source. [6]
This journal does an excellent job of researching on South Africa and its colonization. It makes the point that although the British settled in South Africa, there was a different relationship with the locals than there was in other regions of the world. Since the British suffered many losses to the indigenous people, there was a greater sense of respect towards them from the British. This is a great piece of work to help with my research paper because it shows one of Britain’s “colonies” in a different light.
Evans, Eric. “Overview: Victorian Britain, 1837-1901.” BBC. 29 March 2011. Web. 30 September 2011. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/victorians/ overview_victorians_01.shtml> Website. [7]
This website gave me a better understanding of Britain at the time and the position it was in during expansion. The website talks about how Britain was the most powerful nation and had the best navy, which was the true reason for their relatively easy expansion. It also gave a great statistic when it mentioned that the empire stretched over one fifth of the world when Victoria’s reign ended. This was more helpful for me to understand what the country was like during this time period and I can use a few facts to add some relevance to my introduction.
Farnie, D. A. East And West of Suez: the Suez Canal In History, 1854-1956. Oxford:Clarendon Press, 1969. Book. [8]
This book provided a lot of background information on the Suez Canal, which was helpful since none of the other books really gave that much information. It went into great detail about the rivalry between the English and the French. This will be helpful with my research because I can talk about the economic reasons the British had for building the canal and the effect it had on Egypt. There were also some helpful graphs that I used in my visual to show the effect the British had on the Suez Canal. They controlled the majority of the shipping, which is visible on the graphs.
Hopkins, A. "The Victorians and Africa: A Reconsideration of the Occupation of Egypt, 1882." The Journal of African History, 27.2 (1986): 363-391. Print source. [9]
This journal gives a different perspective of the occupation of Egypt. Hopkins argues against the thought that Britain wanted to protect their assets. This journal rounds out a lot of information that I collected on Britain’s occupation of Egypt.
Jones, Jim. “Europe and Africa in the 19th Century.” Westchester University. 2010. Web. 30 September 2011. <http://courses.wcupa.edu/jones/his312/lectures/19thcent.htm> Website. [10]
This website mentions some of the effects that British colonialism had on Africa. When Britain was taking over and acquiring land, they had advanced technology that made it easy to defeat their opponents. As time passed, they shared this technology with the Africans. They also caused religious reforms with their infusion of European beliefs. Both of these had major effects on Africa’s future, which will make my paper more interesting.
Mansfield, Peter. The British In Egypt. [1st American ed.] New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 19721971. Book. [11]
This book does an excellent job of talking about the British’s interest in taking over Egypt. They took over in 1882 and said that they were going to ensure that there was political stability, although the main goal was to have a stepping stone to India. It will be useful to have a book that mainly discusses one country and its relationship with Britain. Britain’s involvement with Egypt was very important because a quicker route to India was formed and this had a lasting effect on world trade. I found some interesting information on education in Egypt as well, which will add more examples to my paper.
Northbound and Southbound Cargo tonnage of the Suez Canal, 1910-1955. East and West of Suez. Farnie, D.A. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1969. Graph. [12]
This line graph shows the northbound, southbound, and total cargo tonnage that passed through the Suez Canal during a forty-five year span. Since the northbound is much higher than the southbound, one can assume that these were imports coming from India and heading to Britain. This graph shows one of the reasons that the British invaded Egypt, which was an excellent example for my visual.
The Shipping Tonnage of the Suez Canal, 1869-1955. East and West of the Suez. Farnie, D.A. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1969. Chart. [13]
This chart shows a few statistics about the amount of cargo that went through the Suez Canal from 1869-1955. The one that I want to stress is the British percentage of total tonnage on the right-hand side of the chart. The high percentages show that Britain controlled the canal and what went through it. This had a major effect on nineteenth century world trade. This was an important part of my visual.
Victoria College. Popperfoto. The British in Egypt. Mansfield, Peter. New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1971. Picture. Primary Source. [14]
This picture shows Victoria College, which was named after Queen Victoria. This school was run similarly to a British school so there are some traces that the British tried to improve education in Egypt. This picture was helpful in my visual because it shows one of the effects that the British had on Egypt by building more colleges to help educate the people.
Rinehart, and Winston, 1971. Picture. Primary Source. [1]
This picture shows a group of British people having a picnic on the Great Pyramid of Egypt while flying a British flag. This happened eight years before the British actually took over Egypt, which shows they had every intention of claiming Egypt as a colony. This primary source adds value to my visual since it shows how the British expected to take control of Egypt and believed Egypt would put up little resistance.
Barton, Lara J. “Why did the British Empire expand so rapidly between 1870 and 1900?”
The Victorian Web. 5 April 2002. Web. 29 September 2011. <http:// www.victorianweb.org/history/empire/ljb2.html> Website. [2]
This website article gave me more information about the reasons behind British expansion. As the Industrial Revolution began, British investors wanted to take advantage of their technological superiority by invading other territories. The invasion of these regions became much easier with inventions such as the Gatling Gun, steamship, and railways. This brought more capital back to Britain, which hopefully went to increasing wages for workers.
Bassett, Thomas J. "Cartography and Empire Building in Nineteenth-Century West Africa." Geographical Review, 84.3 (1994): 316. Print source. [3]
This article shows multiple maps of Africa at the time of colonialism. This source also discusses the rivalry Britain had with Germany and France by talking about how each country made maps of Africa and they all claimed the same territories. It was interesting to read about the ways they divided up the land. This could be beneficial in my research project because I can use a map in my visual and I can use some examples that Bassett used as well.
Cooney, Stephen. "Political Demand Channels in the Processes of American and British Imperial Expansion, 1870-1913." World Politics, 27.2 (1975): 227-255. Print source. [4]
This journal was very informative about the political side of imperialism and the thought process behind it. It discussed how political decisions were made and who had authority to make them. This may not necessarily be the most helpful journal with examples, but it is beneficial because it shows the political side of colonialism. This has not been discussed in many of the other readings I have found.
Crowder, Michael. West Africa Under Colonial Rule. Evanston [Ill.] Northwestern University Press, 1968. Book. [5]
This book discusses all of Europe’s involvement in West Africa and where they ruled. It gives a lot of information regarding how they took over specific colonies and how they assimilated with the people of those colonies. At the beginning of the book it gives a little insight into the Berlin Conference and other events that caused European colonialism. I used this book's Table of Contents in my visual and discussed a few chapters that are shown.
Dubow, Saul. "How British Was the British World? The Case of South Africa." Journal of Imperial & Commonwealth History, 37.1 (2009): 1-27. Print source. [6]
This journal does an excellent job of researching on South Africa and its colonization. It makes the point that although the British settled in South Africa, there was a different relationship with the locals than there was in other regions of the world. Since the British suffered many losses to the indigenous people, there was a greater sense of respect towards them from the British. This is a great piece of work to help with my research paper because it shows one of Britain’s “colonies” in a different light.
Evans, Eric. “Overview: Victorian Britain, 1837-1901.” BBC. 29 March 2011. Web. 30 September 2011. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/victorians/ overview_victorians_01.shtml> Website. [7]
This website gave me a better understanding of Britain at the time and the position it was in during expansion. The website talks about how Britain was the most powerful nation and had the best navy, which was the true reason for their relatively easy expansion. It also gave a great statistic when it mentioned that the empire stretched over one fifth of the world when Victoria’s reign ended. This was more helpful for me to understand what the country was like during this time period and I can use a few facts to add some relevance to my introduction.
Farnie, D. A. East And West of Suez: the Suez Canal In History, 1854-1956. Oxford:Clarendon Press, 1969. Book. [8]
This book provided a lot of background information on the Suez Canal, which was helpful since none of the other books really gave that much information. It went into great detail about the rivalry between the English and the French. This will be helpful with my research because I can talk about the economic reasons the British had for building the canal and the effect it had on Egypt. There were also some helpful graphs that I used in my visual to show the effect the British had on the Suez Canal. They controlled the majority of the shipping, which is visible on the graphs.
Hopkins, A. "The Victorians and Africa: A Reconsideration of the Occupation of Egypt, 1882." The Journal of African History, 27.2 (1986): 363-391. Print source. [9]
This journal gives a different perspective of the occupation of Egypt. Hopkins argues against the thought that Britain wanted to protect their assets. This journal rounds out a lot of information that I collected on Britain’s occupation of Egypt.
Jones, Jim. “Europe and Africa in the 19th Century.” Westchester University. 2010. Web. 30 September 2011. <http://courses.wcupa.edu/jones/his312/lectures/19thcent.htm> Website. [10]
This website mentions some of the effects that British colonialism had on Africa. When Britain was taking over and acquiring land, they had advanced technology that made it easy to defeat their opponents. As time passed, they shared this technology with the Africans. They also caused religious reforms with their infusion of European beliefs. Both of these had major effects on Africa’s future, which will make my paper more interesting.
Mansfield, Peter. The British In Egypt. [1st American ed.] New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 19721971. Book. [11]
This book does an excellent job of talking about the British’s interest in taking over Egypt. They took over in 1882 and said that they were going to ensure that there was political stability, although the main goal was to have a stepping stone to India. It will be useful to have a book that mainly discusses one country and its relationship with Britain. Britain’s involvement with Egypt was very important because a quicker route to India was formed and this had a lasting effect on world trade. I found some interesting information on education in Egypt as well, which will add more examples to my paper.
Northbound and Southbound Cargo tonnage of the Suez Canal, 1910-1955. East and West of Suez. Farnie, D.A. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1969. Graph. [12]
This line graph shows the northbound, southbound, and total cargo tonnage that passed through the Suez Canal during a forty-five year span. Since the northbound is much higher than the southbound, one can assume that these were imports coming from India and heading to Britain. This graph shows one of the reasons that the British invaded Egypt, which was an excellent example for my visual.
The Shipping Tonnage of the Suez Canal, 1869-1955. East and West of the Suez. Farnie, D.A. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1969. Chart. [13]
This chart shows a few statistics about the amount of cargo that went through the Suez Canal from 1869-1955. The one that I want to stress is the British percentage of total tonnage on the right-hand side of the chart. The high percentages show that Britain controlled the canal and what went through it. This had a major effect on nineteenth century world trade. This was an important part of my visual.
Victoria College. Popperfoto. The British in Egypt. Mansfield, Peter. New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1971. Picture. Primary Source. [14]
This picture shows Victoria College, which was named after Queen Victoria. This school was run similarly to a British school so there are some traces that the British tried to improve education in Egypt. This picture was helpful in my visual because it shows one of the effects that the British had on Egypt by building more colleges to help educate the people.